Japan history of construction machinery is based on national reconstruction after World War II as an opportunity to construction machinery imports from overseas began. However after more than 50 years of development, not only meet the domestic demand, but also by the manufacturers to actively expand overseas markets, increased exports, has now grown into an international the world's second largest construction machinery
machine trade manufacturing country. Review their development model and experience, of which there are six major factors contributed to the current Japan construction machinery's rise.
Production factors: demographic dividends + high-quality talents
Japan demographic dividend starts about 1930-1935 years, ending in 1990-1995, lasted nearly 60 years or so. In 1950, Japan working-age population ratio of 59.7%, 1965 breakthrough 68%. As the population proportion of population aged over 65 per cent of the total population of indebtedness was not until 1985 that exceeded 10%.
In Japan the population while dividends continue for a long time, is Japan talents of high quality significantly improved. In 1961, the Japan Department of Polytechnic students was 28,737, and by 1973 it reached 80,619 people, an increase of about twice times. In the early 1970 of the 20th century, in Japan's University graduates in engineering graduate cases per million population is the United States twice, United Kingdom and France three times, and in 1959 Japan only for the United Kingdom, and France around one-second. High-quality and abundant of working age population of Japan construction machinery's rise provided adequate human resources.
Requirements: two machine trademarkets both inside and outside of alternate relay
20th century years Japan pull high domestic demand for construction machinery in fixed asset
machine factory investment growth, home market is Japan dominate the market of construction machinery. During this period, Japan construction machinery through the process of import substitution, continuous technological innovation makes the most of the localization of construction machinery products, and reached the international advanced level, which late-Japan construction machinery of export development and lay an excellent foundation for the development of globalization.
Japan ended the process of urbanization, dynamic got weaker demand in the domestic market, exports be the Japan most of the growth of construction machinery. As Japan with superior quality and performance of construction machinery, hydraulic excavators, mini excavators and other products are also very suitable for specific needs of high-end consumer markets in Europe and America at that time, so in North America and Europe under the pull of Japan construction machinery exports increased substantially.
After entering in the 1990 of the 20th century, entered the stage of rapid growth in emerging markets such as China, South-East Asia, together with Europe and the deepening of trade friction, Japan construction machinery export market is moving towards developing countries such as China, the Middle East and South-East Asia. Japan construction equipment in domestic, European and American markets, emerging markets turn drove fast growth.
Enterprise Strategy: technological innovation and efficiency improvement are constant themes
In Japan rise in the course of the construction machinery, technological innovation and efficiency gains have been run through the whole story. Japan construction machinery use post-war countries invest heavily in infrastructure, and actively introduce advanced foreign technology and assimilation and innovation. After a dozen years of development, other than
machine directory very large and special, Japan most of the construction machinery has achieved domestic production, but also in terms of performance, durability and reliability of which reaches international advanced level.
In addition, the high efficiency of the internal management of enterprises, improving the productivity of Japan construction machinery enterprises development strategy. In Japan later in the industrialization and improved efficiency is digestion important path costs rise and the Yen's appreciation pressure.
Parts and financial leases as the two largest winning magic weapon
To some extent, Japan is the core competence of engineering machinery based on the core competitiveness of key parts for construction machinery, components are best added value and competitiveness of construction machinery parts. Japan international construction machinery such as Komatsu, Hitachi construction machinery manufacturers can produce almost all of the key components, and component quality, technology, and is an important source of their huge profits.
The most important parts for construction machinery hydraulic components, for example, we can see is the process of their development and Japan consistent with the development of construction machinery. 20th century year's was the Japan construction machinery rapid growth period, Japan's hydraulic components is also during this period has been the rapid development, delivery, average annual growth rate of about 20%. 1970-1978 shipment value of gross output value for construction machinery hydraulic component data, hydraulic elements in engineering machinery in the field of utilization rate has remained at around 5%.
Japan construction machinery leasing industry founded in rapid growth of the 20th century and a half years of construction machinery, construction machinery and prosperity led Japan construction machinery leasing industry rapid development, financing and leasing industry grows also prompted Japan construction machinery continuously towards prosperity, the two seemingly unrelated, mutually save.
Japan sales of construction machinery leasing industry-oriented has been more stable, Japan domestic sales of construction machinery industry also maintained at around 30%. In Japan the traditional in the leasing industry, construction machinery rental always occupy a major position, size of business
cutting machine accounts for more than than at 50%, in recent years is as high as about 80%. 2008 Japan traditional leasing business scale of 1,497,220,000,000 yen, construction machinery rental business scale of 1,147,030,000,000 yen, 76.6% percentage. (Data here as Japan's Trade Ministry statistical standards).
Downstream of the leasing industry in the traditional industries, real estate, such as rail and road construction enterprise is the largest user demand, demand accounted for more than 70%. Because Japan total investment of construction decline every year, which makes the construction industry's reliance on the leasing industry increasing year by year, and that most of them due to improvement of dependence on construction machinery rental.
Strong support of the Government's industrial policy
Japan Government in Japan construction machinery was instrumental in the rise of global processes, Japan construction machinery in Japan the Government industrial policy quickly, with the support of a series of import substitution, export expansion eventually supply worldwide. In the 20th century and a half years, Japan Government has introduced the power development, infrastructure construction such as road construction, railway construction plan, domestic fixed-asset investment rose sharply. At the same time, Japan Government established the cultivation principles of construction machinery, launched the official municipality of engineering mechanical construction incentive policies, as well as mechanical construction as a necessary condition for participation in public works and other laws and, from a macroscopic policy effectively promoted the construction of the localization process of mechanization and construction machinery. This period of increasingly strong demand for construction machinery.
Japan government building and strong advocate of the mechanized construction, Japan construction machinery are high growth, while Japan labor productivity of construction work has also been greatly enhanced, with an average annual hydraulic cutting machinegrowth of about 13%, and then more than 20 years the average annual rate of only about 1%.
Crisis breeds industrial upgrade opportunities
In the late in the mid 1960 of the 20th century, Japan machinery manufacturing industry had faced two oil crises, a series of negative factors such as costs rise and the yen. Rising costs, the global economic slowdown and the appreciation of the yen accelerated led directly to the Japan machinery manufacturing industry reduced sales revenue growth and profitability, but also weaken the Japan machinery export competitiveness in the manufacturing sector.
However, it is cost rise and rise of their currencies to push the oil crisis, Japan successfully upgrade of construction machinery, laid as a result Japan construction equipment in the world the important position of construction machinery industry.
A case study of
hydraulic cutting machine bulldozers and loaders, hydraulic excavators, Japan hydraulic excavator shipment value of high-margin ratio increased from per cent in 1971 to per cent in 1977, bulldozers, loaders and low added value and 31.54% fell and 17.81%, respectively.
While the export product structure continues to be optimized, high value added products such as hydraulic cranes, hydraulic excavators rapid export growth and low marginal benefit products such as crawler tractors fell more obvious.
Careful analysis of the 1965-1980 Japan exports of construction machinery, we can clearly find profession sale income the proportion of export earnings by increasing per cent in 1965 to per cent in 1980. Also, from construction machinery exports accounted for Japan machinery as a whole share of manufactured exports, in five and 1973-1974 year in the two oil crises, its specific gravity is a rising trend, and agricultural machinery, textile machinery, with varying degrees of decline.
Japan construction machinery was able to stay competitive in times of difficulty, the deeper reason behind is that through constant independent innovation and realize industry upgrading, upgrade promoted the product structure optimization, product structure optimization of the proportion constitutes a substantial increase of the result is higher-value products to achieve the rebound in profitability and adapt to changing demand in overseas markets.